PENYITAAN HARTA TERORIS YANG TELAH MENINGGAL DUNIA OLEH NEGARA

Abstract The purpose of this study is to offer novelty related to the case of confiscation of the property of a deceased terrorist by the state in Indonesia. Using normative research methods with statutory approaches and concepts supported by descriptive techniques. Terrorism is a threat to every citizen in the world. Because the perpetrators of this terrorism crime always choose a place that is filled with the public and takes a lot of casualties. In committing acts of terrorism, perpetrators often commit suicide or suicide bombings to leave traces of the actions they have committed. The crime of terrorism requires a lot of funds to finance terrorists in carrying out bombing actions. So, if a terrorist actor dies, he will leave a lot of property and this can finance future terrorist activities. Regarding the confiscation of terrorist assets, it has not been regulated in Law Number 5 of 2018. In this case, the government must immediately make regulations regarding the confiscation of assets for terrorists who have died because this can help the state in eradicating terrorism. Such understanding is important in order to run well.Keyword: criminal act; foreclosure; terrorismAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan terkait dengan kasus penyitaan harta teroris yang telah meninggal oleh negara di Indonesia. Menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangn dan konsep yang didukung oleh teknik prskriptif. Terorisme merupakan hal yang menjadi ancaman untuk setiap warga negara yang berada di dunia. Karena pelaku tindak pidana terorisme ini selalu memilih tempat yang dipenuhi oleh khalayak ramai dan memakan banyak sekali korban jiwa. Dalam melakukan aksi tindak pidana terorisme, pelaku seringkali melakukan aksi bunuh diri atau bom bunuh diri untuk meninggalkan jejak dari tindakan yang telah ia lakukan tersebut. Tindak pidana terorisme membutuhkan banyak sekali dana untuk membiayai para teroris dalam melakukan tindakan pengeboman. Sehingga, jika pelaku teroris meninggal dunia maka akan banyak sekali harta yang ia tinggalkan dan hal tersebut dapat membiayai kegiatan terorisme yang akan datang. Mengenai penyitaan harta teroris ini belum diatur di dalam UU No. 5-2018. Di dalam hal ini pemerintah harus segera membuat peraturan mengenai penyitaan harta untuk teroris yang telah meninggal dunia karena hal tersebut dapat membantu negara dalam pemberantasan terorisme. Pemahaman demikian penting agar dapat berjalan dengan baik

Collagen wrapping and local platelet-rich fibrin do not improve the survival rates of ACL repair with dynamic intraligamentary stabilization: a retrospective case series after ≥5 years postoperatively.

PURPOSE Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair has been recommended as a treatment principle for ACL tears. Several authors have advocated a potential role for primary repair techniques in the ACL decision tree. However, long-term results have been controversial. This study aims to determine the survival of the primarily repaired ACL after dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS) with and without augmentation. METHODS Between 2014 and 2019, 102 patients with isolated proximal ACL ruptures underwent DIS repair within 21 days from injury and were available for follow-up either clinically or telephonically after ≥5 years postoperatively. In 45 cases, DIS repair was augmented with collagen fleece wrapping, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or both. Failure was defined as traumatic re-rupture or conversion to ACL reconstruction. The patients being available for physical examination underwent a.-p. stability measurement with a KT-1000 device. Functional outcome was measured with the IKDC, Tegner and Lysholm scores. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log-Rank Test and Binominal logistic regression were performed. RESULTS After a minimum 5-year follow-up, 71/102 (69.6%) DIS repairs were not re-reptured and clinically and/or subjectively stable. Augmentation did not improve survival rates (p = 0.812). The identified factors influencing failure were a younger age and a pre-injury Tegner activity level of ≥7. 95.7% of those patients with an intact ACL repair had normal or near normal knee function based on the IKDC scoring system. CONCLUSIONS The 5-year overall survival rate of DIS was 69.6%. Collagen fleece wrapping and local PRF application did not improve survival. Patients not suffering failure of repair demonstrated high satisfaction. Nevertheless, the results are inferior to those of established ACL reconstruction procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case series, Level IV

Trigger and Timing Distributions using the TTC-PON and GBT Bridge Connection in ALICE for the LHC Run 3 Upgrade

The ALICE experiment at CERN is preparing for a major upgrade for the third phase of data taking run (Run 3), when the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) starts. The increase in the beam luminosity will result in high interaction rate causing the data acquisition rate to exceed 3 TB/sec. In order to acquire data for all the events and to handle the increased data rate, a transition in the readout electronics architecture from the triggered to the trigger-less acquisition mode is required. In this new architecture, a dedicated electronics block called the Common Readout Unit (CRU) is defined to act as a nodal communication point for detector data aggregation and as a distribution point for timing, trigger and control (TTC) information. TTC information in the upgraded triggerless readout architecture uses two asynchronous high-speed serial links connections: the TTC-PON and the GBT. We have carried out a study to evaluate the quality of the embedded timing signals forwarded by the CRU to the connected electronics using the TTC-PON and GBT bridge connection. We have used four performance metrics to characterize the communication bridge: (a)the latency added by the firmware logic, (b)the jitter cleaning effect of the PLL on the timing signal, (c)BER analysis for quantitative measurement of signal quality, and (d)the effect of optical transceivers parameter settings on the signal strength. Reliability study of the bridge connection in maintaining the phase consistency of timing signals is conducted by performing multiple iterations of power on/off cycle, firmware upgrade and reset assertion/de-assertion cycle (PFR cycle). The test results are presented and discussed concerning the performance of the TTC-PON and GBT bridge communication chain using the CRU prototype and its compliance with the ALICE timing requirements

High-Fidelity Low-Cost Synthetic Training Model for Fetoscopic Spina Bifida Repair

BACKGROUND: Fetoscopic Spina Bifida repair (fSB-repair) is increasingly being practiced, but limited skill acquisition poses a barrier to widespread adoption. Extensive training in relevant models, including both ex- and in-vivo models may help. To address this, a synthetic training model that is affordable, realistic and allows skill analysis would be useful.OBJECTIVE: To create a high-fidelity model for training the essential neurosurgical steps of fetoscopic spina bifida repair using synthetic materials. Additionally, we aimed to obtain a cheap and easily reproducible model.STUDY DESIGN: We developed a three-layered silicon-based model resembling the anatomical layers of a typical myelomeningocele lesion. It allows for filling the cyst with fluid and conducting a water tightness test post-repair. A compliant silicon ball mimics the uterine cavity, and is fixed to a solid 3D printed base. The fetal back with the lesion (single-use) is placed inside the uterine ball, which is reusable and repairable to allow practicing port insertion and fixation multiple times. Following cannula insertion, the uterus is insufflated, and clinical fetoscopic, robotic or prototype instruments can be used. Three skilled endoscopic surgeons each did six simulated fetoscopic repairs following the surgical steps of an open repair. The primary outcome was surgical success, based on water tightness of the repair, operation time &lt;180 minutes and an Objective-Structured-Assessment-of-Technical-Skills (OSATS)-score of ≥ 18/25. Skill retention was measured using a competence commulative sum (C-CUSUM) analysis on composite binary outcome for surgical success. Secondary outcomes were cost and fabrication time of the model.RESULTS: We made a model for simulating spina bifida repair neurosurgical steps with anatomical details, port insertion, placode release and descent, undermining of skin and muscular layer, and endoscopic suturing. The model is made with reusable 3D-printed molds with easily accessible materials. The one-time startup cost was 211€, and each single-use simulated MMC-lesion costs 9.5€ in materials and 50 min working hours. Two skilled endoscopic surgeons performed six simulated three-port fetoscopic repairs, while a third used a Da-Vinci surgical robot. Operation times decreased over 30% from the first to last trial. Six experiments per surgeon did not show an obvious OSATS-score improvement. C-CUSUM analysis confirmed competency for each surgeon.CONCLUSION: This high-fidelity low-cost spina bifida model allows simulated dissection and closure of a myelomeningocele lesion.</p

Acute paretic syndrome in juvenile White Leghorn chickens resembles late stages of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies in humans

Background: Sudden limb paresis is a common problem in White Leghorn flocks, affecting about 1% of the chicken population before achievement of sexual maturity. Previously, a similar clinical syndrome has been reported as being caused by inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerve fibres. Here, we investigated in detail the immunopathology of this paretic syndrome and its possible resemblance to human neuropathies. Methods: Neurologically affected chickens and control animals from one single flock underwent clinical and neuropathological examination. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) alterations were characterised using standard morphological techniques, including nerve fibre teasing and transmission electron microscopy. Infiltrating cells were phenotyped immunohistologically and quantified by flow cytometry. The cytokine expression pattern was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These investigations were accomplished by MHC genotyping and a PCR screen for Marek’s disease virus (MDV). Results: Spontaneous paresis of White Leghorns is caused by cell-mediated, inflammatory demyelination affecting multiple cranial and spinal nerves and nerve roots with a proximodistal tapering. Clinical manifestation coincides with the employment of humoral immune mechanisms, enrolling plasma cell recruitment, deposition of myelinbound IgG and antibody-dependent macrophageal myelin-stripping. Disease development was significantly linked to a 539 bp microsatellite in MHC locus LEI0258. An aetiological role for MDV was excluded. Conclusions: The paretic phase of avian inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis immunobiologically resembles the late-acute disease stages of human acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and is characterised by a Th1-to-Th2 shift

Short- and long-range interactions in the HIV-1 5′ UTR regulate genome dimerization and packaging

RNA dimerization is the noncovalent association of two human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genomes. It is a conserved step in the HIV-1 life cycle and assumed to be a prerequisite for binding to the viral structural protein Pr55Gag during genome packaging. Here, we developed functional analysis of RNA structure-sequencing (FARS-seq) to comprehensively identify sequences and structures within the HIV-1 5′ untranslated region (UTR) that regulate this critical step. Using FARS-seq, we found nucleotides important for dimerization throughout the HIV-1 5′ UTR and identified distinct structural conformations in monomeric and dimeric RNA. In the dimeric RNA, key functional domains, such as stem-loop 1 (SL1), polyadenylation signal (polyA) and primer binding site (PBS), folded into independent structural motifs. In the monomeric RNA, SL1 was reconfigured into long- and short-range base pairings with polyA and PBS, respectively. We show that these interactions disrupt genome packaging, and additionally show that the PBS–SL1 interaction unexpectedly couples the PBS with dimerization and Pr55Gag binding. Altogether, our data provide insights into late stages of HIV-1 life cycle and a mechanistic explanation for the link between RNA dimerization and packaging.Peer Reviewe

Promoting Oral Health for Refugees: An Advocacy Guide

One of the main objectives of the FDI World Dental Federation (FDI) 2018-2021 strategy is to promote oral health among underserved populations globally. The first pillar of FDI’s Vision 2030 advocacy strategy states that essential oral health services should be integrated into universal healthcare packages in every country, and quality oral healthcare should become available, accessible, and affordable to all, with special attention paid to marginalized and vulnerable populations. Refugees are among the most vulnerable groups worldwide. They have limited access to oral health education, oral disease prevention and therapeutic dental care. This is due, in part, to the relatively high cost of restorative treatment, limited access and availability of dentists, unaffordability of dental insurance, and language barriers. Data collected by FDI from 105 National Dental Associations found that a very significant gap exists in oral health policies at global, regional, and national levels. There are limited oral health advocacy initiatives for refugees, who have poor access to therapeutic and preventive interventions related to oral care. This guide was developed to address this gap and to lead the way for national dental associations (NDAs) and other interested stakeholders to: • raise awareness of the burden that refugees face to maintain their own oral health and the challenges that host countries face to maintain good oral health in their populations; • highlight the gaps in data collection and the importance of oral health screening/surveillance for refugees; • provide guidance on measuring and understanding the problem with focused attention on the social determinants of oral health; • support countries that host refugees with tools and strategies that can strengthen their own oral health strategies and programmes; • integrate the management of oral health conditions among refugees into general health services and the provision of care; • mainstream oral health through health systems planning, funding, and implementing oral health promotion and disease prevention intervention among this group

Antiferromagnetic real-space configuration probed by x-ray orbital angular momentum phase dichroism

X-ray beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) are an up-and-coming tool for x-ray characterization techniques. Beams with OAM have an azimuthally varying phase that leads to a gradient of the light field. New material properties can be probed by utilizing the unique phase structure of an OAM beam. Here, we demonstrate a novel type of phase dichroism in resonant diffraction from an artificial antiferromagnet with a topological defect. The scattered OAM beam has circular dichroism whose sign is coupled to the phase of the beam, which reveals the real-space configuration of the antiferromagnetic ground state. Thermal cycling of the artificial antiferromagnet can change the ground state, as indicated by the changing phase dichroism. These results exemplify the potential of OAM beams to probe matter in a way that is inaccessible using typical x-ray techniques

Chest computed tomography features of heart failure:A prospective observational study in patients with acute dyspnea

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary congestion is a key component of heart failure (HF) that chest computed tomography (CT) can detect. However, no guideline describes which of many anticipated CT signs are most associated with HF in patients with undifferentiated dyspnea. METHODS: In a prospective observational single-center study, we included consecutive patients ≥ 50 years admitted with acute dyspnea to the emergency department. Patients underwent immediate clinical examination, blood sampling, echocardiography, and CT. Two radiologists independently evaluated all images. Acute HF (AHF) was adjudicated by an expert panel blinded to radiology images. LASSO and logistic regression identified the independent CT signs of AHF. RESULTS: Among 232 patients, 102 (44%) had AHF. Of 18 examined CT signs, 5 were associated with AHF (multivariate odds ratio, 95% confidence interval): enlarged heart (20.38, 6.86–76.16), bilateral interlobular thickening (11.67, 1.78–230.99), bilateral pleural effusion (6.39, 1.98–22.85), and increased vascular diameter (4.49, 1.08–33.92). Bilateral ground-glass opacification (2.07, 0.95–4.52) was a consistent fifth essential sign, although it was only significant in univariate analysis. Eighty-eight (38%) patients had none of the five CT signs corresponding to a 68% specificity and 86% sensitivity for AHF, while two or more of the five CT signs occurred in 68 (29%) patients, corresponding to 97% specificity and 67% sensitivity. A weighted score based on these five CT signs had an 0.88 area under the curve to detect AHF. CONCLUSIONS: Five CT signs seem sufficient to assess the risk of AHF in the acute setting. The absence of these signs indicates a low probability, one sign makes AHF highly probable, and two or more CT signs mean almost certain AHF

Fostering a wildlife-friendly program for sustainable coffee farming: The case of small-holder farmers in Indonesia

There is an urgent need for a global transition to sustainable and wildlife-friendly farming systems that provide social and economic equity and protect ecosystem services on which agriculture depends. Java is home to 60% of Indonesia’s population and harbors many endemic species; thus, managing agriculture alongside human well-being and biodiversity is vital. Within a community of ~400 coffee farmers in the province of West Java, we assessed the steps to develop a wildlife-friendly program until reaching certification between February 2019 and October 2020. We adopted an adaptive management approach that included developing common objectives through a process of stakeholder consultation and co-learning. We firstly investigated via interviews the expectations and the issues encountered by 25 farmers who converted to organic production in 2016. Their main expectations were an increase in income and an increase in coffee quality, while they had issues mainly in finding high quality fertilizers, reducing pests, and increasing productivity. We used this information to establish a problem-solving plan for the transition to community-wide wildlife-friendly practices. As part of the adaptive evaluation, we assessed the quality of coffee plantations before and after the implementation of coproduced actions. The quality of coffee significantly improved after our interventions to reduce the coffee berry borer, especially in the fields that started as inorganic and converted to organic. We uncovered additional issues to meet the standards for certification, including banning hunting and trapping activities and increasing coffee quality for international export. We describe the coproduced actions (agroforestry, conservation education, local law, organic alternatives) and phases of the program and discuss the potential barriers. We provide novel evidence of adaptive management framework successfully used to implement management actions and reach shared goals